DRY EYES: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENTS

Dry eyes , or dry eye , is a very common condition that affects millions of people around the world. It is characterized by insufficient tear production or poor tear quality , causing unpleasant symptoms that affect not only comfort, but also long-term vision . Although this condition is not always serious, it can significantly impair the quality of life of those affected. This article will help you better understand the causes , symptoms , and treatments for dry eye, while sharing tips to prevent its occurrence.

WHAT IS DRY EYE?

Dry eyes occur when your eyes don’t produce enough tears or the composition of tears isn’t balanced to properly hydrate and lubricate your eyes. Tears not only help maintain proper moisture, they also play a vital role in protecting your eyes from infections, dust particles, and other irritants. A deficiency in tear production or composition can lead to a feeling of dryness, discomfort, and even pain.

CAUSES OF DRY EYES

There are many potential causes of dry eyes . Some are age-related, others are related to environmental factors, medications, or specific medical conditions.

1. AGE

As we age, the eye’s natural ability to produce tears decreases. This is why older people are more commonly affected by dry eye. This condition is particularly common in people over the age of 65.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Environmental factors play a crucial role in the development of dry eyes . Dry or windy environments , prolonged exposure to heating or air conditioning, and prolonged work in front of a screen can dry out the ocular surface. Air pollution and smoke are also common irritants that worsen symptoms.

3. PROLONGED USE OF CONTACT LENSES

Wearing contact lenses for long periods of time can interfere with your eyes’ ability to produce enough tears. This lack of lubrication often results in irritation and discomfort.

4. MEDICATIONS

Certain medications, such as antihistamines , antidepressants , and beta-blockers , can affect natural tear production and cause dry eyes.

5. UNDERLYING DISEASES

Medical conditions such as Sjögren’s syndrome , rheumatoid arthritis , or thyroid disorders can cause inflammation of the tear glands, reducing tear production. Additionally, untreated eye infections can also cause symptoms of dryness.

6. HORMONAL CHANGES

Hormonal changes , especially in women during pregnancy, menopause or while taking certain contraceptives, can affect tear production, increasing the risk of dry eye.

SYMPTOMS OF DRY EYE

Symptoms of dry eyes vary from person to person, but often include:

A burning or stinging sensation in the eyes

Red and irritated eyes

Blurred vision , especially after reading or working in front of a screen

A foreign body sensation in the eyes

Excessive tearing , paradoxically caused by eye irritation

Increased sensitivity to light

TREATMENTS TO RELIEVE DRY EYES

Fortunately, there are many options for treating and managing dry eye . Depending on the severity and underlying causes, you can try the following:

1. ARTIFICIAL TEARS AND MOISTURIZING DROPS

1. Artificial tears or eye drops are a simple solution to relieve symptoms of dryness. They help lubricate the surface of the eye and maintain adequate moisture. You can find them over the counter, but for more severe cases, prescription drops may be necessary.

2. ADJUST YOUR ENVIRONMENT

Installing a humidifier in your home or office can help maintain proper humidity levels. Limit exposure to wind, air conditioning, and consider wearing sunglasses to protect your eyes from the elements.

3. EYELID HYGIENE

Regularly cleaning your eyelids with warm compresses can stimulate the glands that produce the oily components of tears, improving their quality.

4. FOOD SUPPLEMENTS

A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids (found in oily fish like salmon or walnuts) can help improve tear production and reduce inflammation.

5. PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS AND TREATMENTS

In more severe cases, an ophthalmologist may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications in the form of eye drops to treat dry eyes. Treatments such as punctal plugs may also be considered to keep tears on the surface of the eye longer.

PREVENTION AND DAILY MANAGEMENT

There are several ways to prevent the onset of dry eyes :

Limit prolonged screen use and follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look 20 meters away for at least 20 seconds

Avoid environments that are too dry or windy

Use artificial tears regularly, even as a preventative measure

Do not rub your eyes excessively.

WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR?

If your dry eyes persist despite using over-the-counter treatments, or if you experience persistent eye pain or blurred vision, it is recommended that you see an eye doctor for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

CONCLUSION

Dry eyes are a common problem that can be bothersome, but by taking preventative measures and adjusting your environment, you can reduce symptoms. If your dry eyes persist, it is important to consult a healthcare professional to avoid any complications. Solutions such as artificial tears , environmental adjustments, and good eye hygiene can greatly improve your comfort and visual health on a daily basis.